Steps
in Speech Writing
1.
Select the topic. There are
three factors to consider in topic selection: speaker’s interests and
resources, listener’s expectations and readiness, and considerations of time
and space.
a.
Speaker’s Interests and Resources
·
Choose
a topic you are interested in.
·
Choose
a topic you know and can learn more about.
b.
Listener’s Expectations and Readiness
·
Choose
a topic the listeners can grasp and understand
·
Choose
a topic your listeners will be interested in.
c.
Considerations of Time and Space
·
Choose
a topic that can be handled in the allotted time.
·
Choose
a topic that is appropriate for the size and layout of the space in which you
will speak
.
2.
Scan the audience. Consider
your type of audience: their age, gender, educational background, and the like.
3.
Determine the purpose of the speech (e.g., to inform, to argue, to persuade, to
entertain, and to inspire)
4.
Organize and outline the speech. Know
the three major parts of speech: introduction, body and conclusion.
a.
Introduction
The introduction sets
the tone of the entire speech. It should be brief and to-the-point. The
following may be used in introduction openers:
·
A
thought-provoking rhetorical question
·
An
amazing example
·
A
stirring example
·
A
quotation or funny remark
·
A
controversial statement
·
A
compelling anecdote nobody knows
·
A
definition often expert
b.
Body
The
body contains the bulk of information in your speech and needs to be clearly
organized. Without clear organization the audience will probably forget your information,
main points, and perhaps even your thesis. Some simple strategies will help you
create a clear, memorable speech. The following are the four key issues used in
organizing a speech: main ideas, organizational patterns, connective devices,
and references to outside reach.
c. Conclusion
While
the conclusion should be brief and tight, it has a few specific tasks to
accomplish.
·
Re-assert/Reinforce
the thesis
·
Review
the main points
·
Close
effectively
5. Gather
supporting materials. Supporting
materials are forms of evidence that develop or strengthen each of the points
to be made in the speech.
After deciding on the pattern of
arrangement of details that best suits the topic, the speaker is ready to
gather various supporting materials. They may be taken from personal
experiences, library resources, observations, interviews, and print and
broadcast media.
6.
Write the speech based on your outline.
7.
Deliver the speech well.
Language
Language can help the speakers build
a speech in a more effective style. These are the three important features of
language that one must consider before he speaks.
1. Accurate and clear language
The choice of words must be closely
related to the intended meaning of the speaker. In short, the speaker should be
specific to convey his message in a precise manner.
Use concrete language rather that
abstract. The more concrete the terminology the speaker uses, the clearer the
message will be.
Mature language should be used. It
is more proper to use adult words rather than juvenile wordings.
A speaker should avoid repetition of
words, too much adjectives, outdated words, and odd or peculiar words. He
should be careful in choosing universally accepted terminologies. Likewise, he
must follow the rules of grammar, such as subject-verb agreement, verb tenses
and negations.
2. Colorful and varied language
Create
visual images in the minds of your audience by painting a picture of what you
are trying to say. This will help you express your ideas effectively.
Through the use of appropriate
adjectives, ideas are made clear, and the speaker avoids being repetitious.
3. Creativity
Creativity adds colour and variety
to your speech. It allows widens up your vocabulary since it allows you to
develop your speech material through the use of figurative and suggestive
language. Moreover, it adds attention and humour to your speech thus, helping
you avoid being monotonous.
Style
There are various styles in public
speaking:
1. Formal and Informal
In every aspect of speech
preparation and delivery, speakers must first analyse the occasion where they
will speak and the kind of audience they are going to face. By knowing these
things, they will know when to use the formal and informal styles of speaking.
Formal style of speaking demands a
high level of correctness. In meanings, words are ore national than regional.
On the other hand, informal style of speaking uses slang and colloquial terms.
2. Oral and Written
The
oral style is used when speakers enforce their messages as if listeners are
reading them. A good speech writer uses spoken English rather than written.
On the other hand, the written style
is used in manuscript speeches. Mostly, quotes are given directly and are
repeated exactly the way they were written.
3. Factors of attention
These are closely related to the
psychological factors of attention of the audience. The audience is considered
responsive if they are attentive to the speaker.
4. Language Style
This is used to create a speech in
an effective style. Speakers can benefit from the wide array of words that
language can offer. In this way, they can have their speeches delivered in a
creative manner.
Audio-Visual Aids
Audio-visual
aids enable the speaker to clarify and elaborate the verbal material of the
speech. Drawings can be utilized using chalkboards of flipcharts. Models or
mock-ups are very useful substitutes when speakers cannot use the real objects
because of impracticality. Charts, diagrams, and posters, too, will also show
vivid illustrations of the verbal material of the speech. Lastly, electric or
electronics visual aids such as movie sides or videos are useful aids.
Thea Jill Roxas
Redar Rojo
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